Introduction
There is a widespread perception that young people are extremely narcissistic. However, new research has revealed that narcissism actually tends to decrease as we age. This article explores the complex nature of narcissism and how it changes over time.
The Three Aspects of Narcissism
Narcissism is a complex personality trait that goes beyond mere vanity or self-absorption. Recent studies suggest that narcissism has three distinct aspects:
- Agentic Narcissism
The tendency to seek admiration from others and feel superior. - Antagonistic Narcissism
Characterized by exploiting others and lacking empathy. - Neurotic Narcissism
Difficulty regulating emotions and being highly sensitive.
Research Findings
Analysis of data from 51 longitudinal studies revealed the following:
- All three aspects of narcissism tend to decrease throughout life.
- Agentic narcissism shows a small decrease, while antagonistic and neurotic narcissism show moderate decreases.
- The rate of change does not differ by gender, age, or generation.
- An individual’s relative level of narcissism compared to their peers remains consistent throughout life.
Mechanisms Behind the Decrease in Narcissism
Several factors may contribute to the decrease in narcissism with age:
Changes in Social Roles
As we transition into adulthood, we take on important personal and social responsibilities (such as commitment to romantic relationships, leadership roles, or becoming a parent). Succeeding in these roles is difficult with a self-centered attitude.
Development of Mature Personality Traits
With age, mature personality traits such as emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness develop. As narcissism is considered the opposite of maturity, particularly its antagonistic and neurotic aspects are expected to decrease.
Changes in Values in Old Age
In old age, there’s a tendency to prioritize altruistic values, such as commitment to family and grandchildren. Additionally, people may have learned from experience about the negative consequences of antagonistic attitudes.
Exceptions and Individual Differences
However, not everyone experiences a decrease in narcissism in the same way:
- Assuming positions of power can potentially increase aspects such as exploitation of others and lack of empathy.
- Some people are inherently more narcissistic due to genetic or environmental factors.
- Certain parenting styles (neglect, overprotection, excessive praise, etc.) may influence the development of narcissism in adulthood.
Conclusion
While narcissism tends to decrease with age, the process of change is complex and varies greatly between individuals. Given the impact of narcissism on individuals and those around them, it’s important to gain a deeper understanding of its lifelong development. Future research is expected to explore in more detail the factors influencing changes in narcissism.
